Can nonimmigrant spouses from temporary workers who are collecting SS benefit apply for a social security number "NOT VALID FOR EMPLOYMENT" to collect SS spousal benefit or to apply for Medicare on their spouses work history if they are married and lived together in the US for more than 10 years and the worker has earned at least 40 quarters

Hi. Yes, that would be possible under certain conditions. For more details, refer to the following section of Social Security's operations manual: https://secure.ssa.gov/apps10/poms.nsf/lnx/0110211610.

Best, Jerry